I-inverter ye-Photovoltaic engaphandle kwegridi

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo
I-inverter ye-PV engekho kugridi iyidivayisi yokuguqula amandla ephusha futhi idonsa amandla e-DC yokufaka bese iwaguqula abe amandla e-220V AC ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-inverter bridge SPWM sinusoidal pulse width modulation.
Njengama-inverter axhunywe kugridi, ama-inverter e-PV angaphandle kwegridi adinga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwe-voltage yokufaka ye-DC; ezinhlelweni zamandla e-PV ezinomthamo ophakathi nomkhulu, umphumela we-inverter kufanele ube yigagasi le-sinusoidal elinokuhlanekezela okuphansi.

Ukusebenza kanye nezici
1. I-microcontroller engu-16-bit noma i-microprocessor engu-32-bit DSP isetshenziselwa ukulawula.
Imodi yokulawula ye-2.PWM, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle.
3.Adopt digital noma LCD ukuze ubonise amapharamitha ahlukahlukene okusebenza, futhi ungabeka amapharamitha afanele.
4. Igagasi eliyisikwele, igagasi eliguquliwe, umphumela wegagasi le-sine. Umphumela wegagasi le-sine, izinga lokuphambuka kwesimo segagasi lingaphansi kuka-5%.
5. Ukunemba kokuzinza kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe, ukunemba kokukhipha ngokuvamile kungaphansi kuka-plus noma minus 3%.
6. Umsebenzi wokuqalisa kancane ukuze ugweme umthelela wamandla aphezulu ebhethrini nasemthwalweni.
7. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-transformer evame kakhulu, usayizi omncane kanye nesisindo esilula.
8. Ifakwe isikhombikubona sokuxhumana esijwayelekile se-RS232/485, esilungele ukulawula ukuxhumana okude.
9. Ingasetshenziswa endaweni engaphezu kwamamitha angu-5500 ngaphezu kolwandle.
10. Ngokuvikelwa kokuxhumeka okuphambene nokufakwayo, ukuvikelwa kokungena kwamandla kagesi, ukuvikelwa kokungena kwamandla kagesi, ukuvikelwa kokuphuma kwamandla kagesi, ukuvikelwa kokudlula kwamandla kagesi, ukuvikelwa kokukhipha okuningi, ukuvikelwa kwesekethe esifushane sokukhipha, ukuvikelwa kokushisa ngokweqile kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuvikela.

Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe abalulekile ama-inverter angaphandle kwegridi
Uma ukhetha i-inverter engaphandle kwegridi, ngaphandle kokunaka i-waveform yokukhipha kanye nohlobo lokuhlukaniswa kwe-inverter, kunezimingcele eziningana zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu, njenge-voltage yesistimu, amandla okukhipha, amandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa, isikhathi sokushintsha, njll. Ukukhethwa kwalezi zimingcele kunomthelela omkhulu ekudingweni kukagesi komthwalo.
1) I-voltage yesistimu:
Yi-voltage yebhethri. I-voltage yokufaka ye-inverter engaphandle kwegridi kanye ne-voltage yokuphuma yesilawuli kuyafana, ngakho-ke lapho uklama futhi ukhetha imodeli, qaphela ukuthi ihlale ifana nesilawuli.
2) Amandla okukhipha:
Ukuvezwa kwamandla okukhipha kwe-inverter engaphandle kwegridi kunezinhlobo ezimbili, enye ukubonakaliswa kwamandla okubonakalayo, iyunithi yi-VA, lolu uphawu lwe-UPS oluyisithenjwa, amandla asebenzayo okukhipha nawo adinga ukuphindaphinda amandla, njenge-inverter engaphandle kwegridi engu-500VA, amandla asebenzayo angu-0.8, amandla asebenzayo okukhiphayo angama-400W, okungukuthi, angashayela umthwalo wokumelana ongu-400W, njengezibani zikagesi, izitofu zokungenisa, njll.; eyesibili ukubonakaliswa kwamandla asebenzayo, iyunithi ingu-W, njenge-inverter engaphandle kwegridi engu-5000W, amandla asebenzayo okukhiphayo angama-5000W.
3) Amandla aphezulu:
Kuhlelo lwe-PV olungaphandle kwegridi, amamojula, amabhethri, ama-inverter, imithwalo yakha uhlelo lukagesi, amandla okukhipha i-inverter, anqunywa umthwalo, eminye imithwalo ekhuthazayo, njenge-air conditioner, amaphampu, njll., injini engaphakathi, amandla okuqala aphindwe ka-3-5 amandla alinganisiwe, ngakho-ke i-inverter engaphandle kwegridi inezidingo ezikhethekile zokulayisha ngokweqile. Amandla aphezulu amandla okulayisha ngokweqile e-inverter engaphandle kwegridi.
I-inverter inikeza amandla okuqala emthwalweni, ngokwengxenye evela kubhethri noma kumojuli we-PV, kanti okungaphezulu kunikezwa yizingxenye zokugcina amandla ngaphakathi kwe-inverter - ama-capacitor nama-inductor. Ama-capacitor nama-inductor womabili ayizingxenye zokugcina amandla, kodwa umehluko ukuthi ama-capacitor agcina amandla kagesi ngesimo sensimu kagesi, futhi lapho umthamo we-capacitor umkhulu, kulapho ingagcina khona amandla amaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-inductor agcina amandla ngesimo sensimu yamagnetic. Lapho ukuvuleka kwamandla kagesi kwe-inductor core kukhulu, kulapho i-inductance iba nkulu khona, futhi kulapho amandla amaningi angagcinwa khona.
4) Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kohlelo olungaphandle kwegridi kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili, enye ukusebenza kahle komshini ngokwawo, isekethe ye-inverter engaphandle kwegridi iyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze idlule ekuguqulweni kwezigaba eziningi, ngakho ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kuphansi kancane kune-inverter exhunywe kugridi, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-80-90%, amandla okusebenza kahle komshini we-inverter ayanda, ukuhlukaniswa kwamavayisi aphezulu kunokusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwamavayisi kuphakeme, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla esistimu nakho kuphakeme. Okwesibili, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri, lolu uhlobo lwebhethri lunobudlelwano, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kanye nokuvumelanisa amandla omthwalo, i-photovoltaic ingahlinzeka ngqo umthwalo ozowusebenzisa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudlula ekuguqulweni kwebhethri.
5) Isikhathi sokushintsha:
Uhlelo olungasebenzi kugridi olunomthwalo, kunezindlela ezintathu ze-PV, ibhethri, utility, lapho amandla ebhethri enganele, shintshela kumodi yokusetshenziswa, kunesikhathi sokushintsha, amanye ama-inverter angasebenzi kugridi asebenzisa ukushintsha kwe-switch kagesi, isikhathi singaphakathi kwama-millisecond ayi-10, amakhompyutha edeskithophu ngeke avale, ukukhanya ngeke kukhanye. Amanye ama-inverter angasebenzi kugridi asebenzisa ukushintsha kwe-relay, isikhathi singaba ngaphezu kwama-millisecond angama-20, futhi ikhompyutha yedeskithophu ingase ivale noma iqale kabusha.