Abstract:Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinsiza zomhlaba wonke, indawo ezungezile, ukukhula kwenani labantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukufuna ukusungula imodeli entsha yentuthuko edidiyelwe phakathi komuntu nemvelo kuyilapho kubambelela ekuthuthukisweni kwempucuko ebonakalayo. Wonke amazwe athathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ukwakheka kwezimboni nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ukuze kuqiniswe ukulawulwa kokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenzisa isu lokuthuthukisa i-carbon low-carbon yasemadolobheni, futhi kuqiniswe ukuhlelwa nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha.izinsiza zokushaja imoto kagesi, iziqondiso ezifanele, uxhaso lwezezimali kanye nemininingwane yokuphathwa kokwakhiwa kukhishwe ngokulandelana. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sesu elisha lezwe lamandla, ukwakhiwa okupheleleizinsiza zokushajaisisekelo sokufezeka kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi, ukwakhiwa kweizinsiza zokushajakanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ziyaphelelisana, zikhuthazane.
Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kokushaja izinqwaba ekhaya naphesheya
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo seukushaja izinqwabaiphinde yanda kakhulu, futhi amazwe emakethe yomhlaba wethule izinqubomgomo ezifanele, futhi umbiko omusha we-International Energy Agency (IEA) ubonisa ukuthi inombolo yomhlaba wonke yezimoto zikagesi izobanjwa ngo-2030 Izofinyelela amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-125, kanye nenaniiziteshi zokushaja ze-evefakiwe izokwanda. Njengamanje, izimakethe eziyinhloko zezimoto ezintsha zamandla zigxile e-United States, eFrance, eJalimane, eNorway, eChina naseJapane, ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ezintathu:ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yokushaja imoto kagesi, isimo semakethe kanye nemodi yokusebenza.
Umqondo wenqwaba yokushaja kanye nohlobo
Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zeukunikezwa kwamandla ezimotweni zikagesi: Imodi yokuzishaja kanye nemodi yokushintsha ibhethri. Lezi zindlela ezimbili zizanyiwe futhi zasetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni, phakathi kwazo kukhona izifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwemodi yokuzishaja, futhi imodi yokushintsha ibhethri nayo isiqalile ukunakwa eminyakeni yamuva nje. Imodi yokuzishaja ihlanganisa ngokukhethekile izinhlobo ezimbili: ukushaja okuvamile kanyeukushaja okusheshayo, futhi okulandelayo kuzochaza kafushane umqondo nezinhlobo zezinqwaba zokushaja kumodi yokuzishaja.
Iisiteshi sokushaja imoto kagesiyakhiwa ikakhulukazi umzimba wenqwaba,module yokushaja imoto kagesi, imojula yemitha kanye nezinye izingxenye, ezinemisebenzi efana nemitha yamandla kagesi, ukukhokha, ukuxhumana, nokulawula.
Uhlobo lwenqwaba eshajayo nomsebenzi
Iinqwaba yokushajaishaja imoto kagesi ehambisana namazinga kagesi ahlukene. Umgomo wokushaja weev ishajaukuthi ngemva kokukhishwa kwebhethri, izodlula ebhethri ngamandla aqondile ngokuphambene nendawo yokukhipha ukubuyisela amandla ayo okusebenza, futhi le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukushaja ibhethri. Lapho ibhethri lishajwa, isigxobo esiphozithivu sebhethri sixhunywa esigxotsheni esiphozithivu sokuphakelwa kwamandla, futhi isigxobo esinegethivu sebhethri sixhunywe esigxotsheni esinegethivu sokuphakelwa kwamandla, futhi i-voltage yokushaja yamandla okushaja kufanele ibe phezulu kunawo wonke amandla ebhethri e-electromotive.Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EVikakhulukazi ihlukaniswe yabaDC ukushaja izinqwabafuthiIzinqwaba zokushaja i-AC, DC ukushaja izinqwabangokuvamile zaziwa ngokuthi “ukushaja okusheshayo”, okuguqula kakhulu amandla e-AC ngobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nogesi, ukulungisa, i-inverter, ukuhlunga nokunye ukucutshungulwa, futhi ekugcineni zithole ukuphuma kwe-DC, kunikeze amandla anele ukuze ngokuqondile.shaja ibhethri lemoto kagesi, i-voltage ephumayo kanye nohlu lwamanje lokulungisa lukhulu, lungafinyelela izidingo zokushaja okusheshayo,Isiteshi sokushaja se-ACngokuvamile kwaziwa ngokuthi "ukushaja okunensayo" ukusetshenziswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja okujwayelekile kanye noxhumo lwegridi ye-AC, ngokuqhutshwa kweshaja engaphakathi ebhodini ukuze inikeze amandla e-AC ebhethri lemoto kagesi lamadivayisi ashajayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2025
