Qonda umqondo kanye nohlobo lwesiteshi sokushaja, kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe imishini yokushaja yemoto kagesi efaneleka kakhulu kuwe

Isifinyezo: Ukuphikisana phakathi kwezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba wonke, imvelo, ukukhula kwabantu kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho kuya ngokuya kuba nzima, futhi kuyadingeka ukufuna ukusungula imodeli entsha yentuthuko ehlanganisiwe phakathi komuntu nemvelo ngenkathi kunamathela ekuthuthukisweni kwempucuko yezinto ezibonakalayo. Wonke amazwe athathe izinyathelo zokulungisa isakhiwo sezimboni nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ukuze kuqiniswe ukulawulwa kokungcola komoya nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kusetshenziswe isu lokuthuthukiswa kwe-carbon ephansi emadolobheni, futhi kuqiniswe ukuhlela nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni.izindawo zokushaja izimoto zikagesi, isiqondiso esifanele, uxhaso lwezezimali kanye nemininingwane yokuphathwa kokwakhiwa ikhishwe ngokulandelana. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sesu likazwelonke lamandla amasha, ukwakhiwa kwe-izindawo zokushajakuyisiqalo sokuqalwa kwezimboni zezimoto zikagesi, ukwakhiwaizindawo zokushajakanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kuyahambisana, kuyakhuthazana.

Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinqwaba zokushaja ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo se-izinqwaba zokushajakuye kwanda kakhulu, futhi amazwe emakethe yomhlaba wonke asungule izinqubomgomo ezifanele, kanti umbiko omusha we-International Energy Agency (IEA) ukhombisa ukuthi inani lezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke lizogcinwa ngo-2030. Lizofinyelela amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-125, kanye nenani lazo.iziteshi zokushaja ze-evokufakiwe kuzokwanda. Njengamanje, izimakethe eziyinhloko zezimoto ezintsha zamandla zigxile e-United States, eFrance, eJalimane, eNorway, eShayina naseJapan, ngokusekelwe ezicini ezintathu:ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yokushaja imoto kagesi, isimo semakethe kanye nemodi yokusebenza.

Umqondo wenqwaba yokushaja kanye nohlobo

Okwamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokusebenzisaukuhlinzekwa kwamandla kwezimoto zikagesi: imodi yokuzishaja kanye nemodi yokushintshana kwebhethri. Lezi zindlela ezimbili ziye zazanywa futhi zasetshenziswa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene emhlabeni, phakathi kwazo kunezifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwimodi yokuzishaja, futhi imodi yokufaka esikhundleni sebhethri nayo isiqalile ukuthola ukunakwa eminyakeni yamuva. Imodi yokuzishaja ifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili: ukushaja okuvamile kanyeukushaja okusheshayo, futhi okulandelayo kuzochaza kafushane umqondo kanye nezinhlobo zezinqwaba zokushaja kwimodi yokuzishaja.

Iisiteshi sokushaja izimoto zikagesiikakhulukazi yakhiwe ngomzimba wezinqwaba,imodyuli yokushaja imoto kagesi, imodyuli yokulinganisa kanye nezinye izingxenye, enemisebenzi efana nokulinganisa amandla kagesi, ukukhokhisa, ukuxhumana, kanye nokulawula.

Uhlobo lwenqwaba yokushaja kanye nomsebenzi

Iinqwaba yokushajaishaja imoto kagesi ehambisanayo ngokuya ngamazinga ahlukene kagesi. Umgomo wokushaja weishaja ye-evukuthi ngemva kokuba ibhethri selikhishiwe, lizodlula ebhethrini elinogesi oqondile ohlangothini oluphambene nogesi okhishwayo ukuze libuyisele ikhono lalo lokusebenza, futhi le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukushaja kwebhethri. Uma ibhethri selishajiwe, i-pole eqondile yebhethri ixhunywe epalini elungile lomthombo wamandla, kanti i-pole engalungile yebhethri ixhunywe epalini engalungile lomthombo wamandla, futhi i-voltage yomthombo wamandla wokushaja kumele ibe phezulu kunamandla e-electromotive ebhethri.Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EVzihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigabaIzinqwaba zokushaja ze-DCfuthiIzinqwaba zokushaja ze-AC, Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-DCaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “ukushaja okusheshayo”, okuguqula kakhulu amandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene ne-elekthronikhi, ukulungiswa, i-inverter, ukuhlunga nokunye ukucubungula, futhi ekugcineni athole ukuphuma kwe-DC, anikeze amandla anele okuqondileshaja ibhethri lemoto kagesi, i-voltage yokukhipha kanye nobubanzi bokulungiswa kwamanje bukhulu, ingafeza izidingo zokushaja okusheshayo,Isiteshi sokushaja se-ACOkuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ukushaja kancane” ukusetshenziswa kwesixhumi esijwayelekile sokushaja kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi ye-AC, ngokusebenzisa ukuqhutshwa kweshaja engaphakathi ukuze kunikezwe amandla e-AC ebhethrini lemoto kagesi lamadivayisi okushaja.