'Ulimi' lweziteshi zokushaja ze-ev: ukuhlaziya okukhulu kwezivumelwano zokushaja

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto zikagesi zingafanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla okushaja ngemva kokuxhumainqwaba yokushaja? Kungani abanyeukushaja izinqwabaukushaja ngokushesha kanti abanye kancane? Ngemuva kwalokhu empeleni isethi yokulawula "ulimi olungabonakali" - okungukuthi, umthetho olandelwayo wokushaja. Namuhla, ake siveze “imithetho yezingxoxo” phakathiukushaja izinqwaba nezimoto zikagesi!

1. Iyini inqubo yokushaja?

• IIphrothokholi yokushaja"inkathi+ yolimi" yokuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs) kanyeiziteshi zokushaja ze-ev(EVSEs) acacisayo:
• I-Voltage, ububanzi bamanje (inquma isivinini sokushaja)
• Imodi yokushaja (AC/DC)
• Indlela yokuvikela ukuphepha (i-over-voltage, over-current, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, njll.)
• Ukusebenzisana kwedatha (isimo sebhethri, ukuqhubeka kokushaja, njll.)

Ngaphandle kwephrothokholi ehlanganisiwe,ev ukushaja izinqwabafuthi izimoto zikagesi zingase “zingaqondi” zodwa, okuholela ekungakwazini ukushaja noma ukushaja ngendlela engafanele.

2. Yiziphi izimiso zokushaja ezijwayelekile?

Okwamanje, evamileev ukushaja amaphrothokholiemhlabeni jikelele zihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezilandelayo:

(1) Iphrothokholi yokushaja ye-AC

Ifanele ukushaja okunensayo (ikhaya/izinqwaba ze-AC zomphakathi):

• I-GB/T (okujwayelekile kazwelonke): Izinga lesiShayina, inkambiso yasekhaya, njenge-BYD, i-NIO nezinye izinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe.
• I-IEC 61851 (izinga laseYurophu): evame ukusetshenziswa eYurophu, njengeTesla (inguqulo yaseYurophu), BMW, njll.
• I-SAE J1772 (izinga laseMelika): Izwe elivamile laseNyakatho Melika, njenge-Tesla (inguqulo yase-US), i-Ford, njll.

(2) Iphrothokholi yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC

Ifanele ukushaja okusheshayo (inqwaba yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-dc):

• I-GB/T (National Standard DC): Umphakathi wasekhayaiziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-dcasetshenziswa kakhulu, njenge-State Grid, Telei, njll.
• I-CCS (Combo): ijwayelekile eYurophu nase-United States, ihlanganisa i-AC (J1772) ne-DC interface.
• I-CHAdeMO: Izinga laseJapan, elisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kweNissan Leaf namanye amamodeli, ashintshwa kancane kancaneI-CCS.
• I-Tesla NACS: I-Tesla-exclusive protocol, kodwa ivulelwa ezinye izinhlobo (isb, i-Ford, i-GM).

3. Kungani amaphrothokholi ahlukene ethinta isivinini sokushaja?

Iinqubo yokushaja imoto kagesiinquma ubukhulu bezingxoxo zamandla phakathi kweev ishajakanye nemoto. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Uma imoto yakho isekela GB/T 250A, kodwainqwaba yokushaja imoto kagesiisekela kuphela i-200A, ukushaja kwamanje kuzokhawulelwa ku-200A.
• I-Tesla Supercharging (NACS) inganikeza u-250kW+ wamandla aphezulu, kodwa ukushaja okusheshayo okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kukazwelonke kungase kube ngu-60-120kW kuphela.

Ukuhambisana nakho kubalulekile:

• Ukusebenzisa ama-adaptha (njengama-adaptha we-GB kaTesla) kungashintshwa ukuze kuhambisane nemithetho ehlukene, kodwa amandla angase abe nomkhawulo.
• Abanyeiziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesiisekela ukuhambisana kwamaphrothokholi amaningi (njengokusekelaI-GB/Tkanye ne-CHAdeMO ngesikhathi esifanayo).

4. Amathrendi Azayo: Isivumelwano Esihlanganisiwe?

Okwamanje, globalamaphrothokholi wokushaja imoto kagesiazivumelanisiwe ngokuphelele, kodwa ukuthambekela yilo:

• I-Tesla NACS kancane kancane iba yinto evamile eNyakatho Melika (i-Ford, i-GM, njll. ukujoyina).
• I-CCS2ukhonya eYurophu.
• I-GB/T yase-China isathuthukiswa ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala ukushajwa kwamandla asheshayo (njengezinkundla ze-high-voltage engu-800V).
• Amaphrothokholi wokushaja okungenantambo njengeI-SAE J2954ziyathuthukiswa.

5. Amathiphu: Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukushaja kuyahambisana?

Lapho uthenga imoto: Qinisekisa umthetho olandelwayo wokushaja osekelwa imoto (njengezinga likazwelonke/izinga laseYurophu/elijwayelekile laseMelika).

Uma ushaja: Sebenzisa ehambisanayoisiteshi sokushaja imoto kagesi, noma uphathe i-adaptha (njengabanikazi beTesla).

Inqwaba yokushaja okusheshayoukukhetha: Hlola umthetho olandelwayo omakwe enqwabeni yokushaja (njenge-CCS, i-GB/T, njll.).

isifinyezo

Iphrothokholi yokushaja ifana “nephasiwedi” phakathi kwemoto kagesi neisiteshi seshaja se-ev, futhi ukufanisa kuphela kungashajwa kahle. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, kungase kuhlanganiswe ngokwengeziwe esikhathini esizayo, kodwa kusadingeka ukunaka ukuhambisana. Iyiphi iphrothokholi esetshenziswa imoto yakho kagesi? Hamba uyohlola ilogo embotsheni yokushaja!