Izimoto zamandla amasha zibhekisela ezimotweni ezisebenzisa izibaseli ezingezona ezendabuko noma imithombo yamandla njengomthombo wazo wamandla, obonakala ngokukhipha okuphansi nokongiwa kwamandla. Ngokusekelwe emithonjeni yamandla ehlukene eyinhloko nezindlela zokushayela,izimoto ezintsha zamandlazihlukaniswe ngezimoto zikagesi ezimsulwa, izimoto zikagesi eziyingxubevange, izimoto zikagesi eziyingxubevange, izimoto zikagesi ezinwetshwa ububanzi, kanye nezimoto zamangqamuzana kaphethiloli, phakathi kwazo izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezihlanzekile ezinokuthengiswa okudlondlobala kakhulu.
Izimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli azikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kukaphethiloli. Iziteshi zikaphethiloli emhlabeni jikelele zihlinzeka ngamabanga amathathu kaphethiloli kanye namabanga amabili edizili, okuyinto elula futhi etholakala emhlabeni wonke. Ukushajwa kwezimoto ezinamandla ezintsha kuyinkimbinkimbi. Izinto ezifana ne-voltage yokuphakelwa kwamandla, uhlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo, i-AC/DC, nezinkinga zomlando ezifundeni ezihlukene zibe nomphumela wamazinga ahlukahlukene wokushajwa kwezimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni jikelele.
China
Ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela wezi-2015, i-China yakhipha indinganiso kazwelonke ye-GB/T 20234-2015 (Imishini yokuxhuma yokushaja okuqhutshwayo kwezimoto zikagesi), eyaziwa nangokuthi indinganiso entsha kazwelonke, ukuze ithathe indawo yezinga elidala lezwe kusukela ngo-2011. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: GB/T 20234.1-2015,2030 AC 2012 General/Izimfuneko 4 AC Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja, kanye ne-GB/T 20234.3-2015 DC Interface yokushaja.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, “Uhlelo Lokuqalisa Lokusebenza lweI-GB/Tye-Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Interfaces” ibeka ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2017, ingqalasizinda eshajayo esanda kufakwa kanye nezimoto zikagesi ezisanda kukhiqizwa kufanele zithobele izinga likazwelonke elisha.
Isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha esijwayelekile sikazwelonke sokushaja se-AC sisebenzisa idizayini enezimbobo eziyisikhombisa. Isithombe sibonisa ikhanda lesibhamu esishaja i-AC, futhi izimbobo ezihambisanayo zilebulwe. I-CC ne-CP zisetshenziselwa ukushaja ukuqinisekiswa kokuxhumeka nokuqondisa kokulawula, ngokulandelana. I-N iyintambo emaphakathi, L iyintambo ebukhoma, futhi indawo emaphakathi iphansi. Phakathi kwazo, i-L live wire ingasebenzisa izimbobo ezintathu. Okujwayelekile okungu-220V kwesigaba esisodwaIziteshi zokushaja ze-ACngokuvamile sebenzisa i-L1 yembobo eyodwa yokunikeza amandla umklamo.
Ugesi waseChina wezindawo zokuhlala ikakhulukazi usebenzisa amazinga kagesi amabili: 220V~50Hz ugesi wesigaba esisodwa kanye no-380V~50Hz ugesi wezigaba ezintathu. Izibhamu zokushaja zesigaba esisodwa ezingama-220V zilinganisele amaza angu-10A/16A/32A, ahambisana nokuphuma kwamandla angu-2.2kW/3.5kW/7kW.380V izibhamu zokushaja zezigaba ezintathubaye balinganisela ama-currents angu-16A/32A/63A, ahambisana namandla aphumayo angu-11kW/21kW/40kW.
Izinga elisha likazwelonkeInqwaba yokushaja ye-DCyamukela idizayini "yezimbobo eziyisishiyagalolunye", njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni seIsibhamu sokushaja i-DCikhanda. Izimbobo ezimaphakathi eziphezulu i-CC1 ne-CC2 zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa kokuxhumeka kwamandla; I-S+ ne-S- yimigqa yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-off-boardev ishajakanye nemoto kagesi. Izimbobo ezimbili ezinkulu, i-DC+ ne-DC-, zisetshenziselwa ukushaja iphakethe lebhethri futhi ziyimigqa yamanje ephezulu; U-A+ no-A- baxhuma kushaja engaphandle kwebhodi, banikeze amandla asizayo ane-voltage ephansi emotweni kagesi; futhi imbobo emaphakathi ingeyokumisa phansi.
Mayelana nokusebenza, iIsiteshi sokushaja se-DCI-voltage elinganiselwe ngu-750V/1000V, yamanje elinganiselwe ngu-80A/125A/200A/250A, futhi amandla okushaja angafinyelela ku-480kW, agcwalise uhhafu webhethri lemoto yamandla entsha emaminithini ambalwa nje.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2025
