Uchungechunge Lwemboni Yokushaja – Ukushaja Imishini Yezinqwaba Zokukhiqiza kanye ne-CPO

Imboni yokukhiqiza izinqwaba zokushaja inokuncintisana okukhulu, futhi izitifiketi zaphesheya kwezilwandle ziqinile

• Emkhakheni ophakathi nendawo, abadlali bahlukaniswe kakhulu izigaba ezimbili:imishini yokushaja inqwabakanye nokwakhiwa. Ngasohlangothini lwemishini, lokhu kuhlanganisa kakhulu abakhiqizi be-Imishini yokushaja ye-DC, Imishini yokushaja i-AC, kanye nemishini efana nemishini yokushaja engenantambo, imishini yokushintshana ngamabhethri, kanye namashaja angaphakathi. Ohlangothini lokwakha, kuhilela kakhulu amaphrojekthi e-EPC esiteshi sokushaja. Umzila ophakathi nendawoukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba yokushaja i-evImboni incintisana kakhulu, njengoba kunabahlinzeki abangaphezu kuka-300 abasebenza eShayina njengamanje.

• Amanqwaba okushaja athunyelwa eYurophu nase-United States ngokuvamile adingaIsitifiketi se-CEnomaUL, I-FCCnomaI-ETLisitifiketi. I-EU idinga isitifiketi se-CE, esinesikhathi esifushane sokucubungula; i-US idinga isitifiketi se-UL, esinesikhathi eside sokucubungula.

1. Izinqwaba zokushaja izimoto zikagesiUma ithunyelwa emazweni e-EU kumele ithole isitifiketi se-CE ngaphansi kwemiyalelo ye-LVD + EMC. Lesi yimfuneko ephoqelekile ngaphansi komthetho we-EU. Isitifiketi se-CE sihlola kakhulu ukuphepha komkhiqizo, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa ukuphepha kukagesi nokwemishini. Isiqondiso se-LVD Ukuhlolwa kwe-CE kwama-pile okushaja kufaka phakathi ukufakelwa kwe-LVD, i-LVD high voltage, i-LVD residual current, kanye ne-LVD grounding. Isiqondiso se-EMC sidinga ukuhlolwa ngokwezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele, okubonisa ukuthi imishini ihambisana ne-EU Declaration of Conformity EMC Directive 2014/30/EU, nokukhombisa ukuthi imishini iphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokuphepha le-EU ngokufaka lezi zindinganiso kanye nezinombolo zemibiko kumadokhumenti.
2. Izinqwaba zokushaja izimoto zikagesi okuthunyelwa e-United States ngokuvamile kudinga isitifiketi se-UL, FCC, noma i-ETL. Isitifiketi se-UL sifushane sesitifiketi se-Underwriters Laboratories, inhlangano yangasese enegunya elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ebandakanyeka ekuhlolweni nasekuqinisekisweni kokuphepha. Isitifiketi se-UL asiphoqelekile futhi ngokuyinhloko sihlola futhi siqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuphepha komkhiqizo; ububanzi baso abufaki izici ze-EMC (ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic). Isitifiketi se-FCC sisitifiketi se-EMC esiyimpoqo e-United States; imikhiqizo kagesi nekagesi ethengiswa e-US idinga isitifiketi se-FCC. Isitifiketi se-ETL siwuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha oludingekayo ukuze kuthunyelwe e-US naseCanada, okubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uphumelele ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa yi-US NRTL kanye/noma i-Canadian SCC, futhi sinokufaneleka okulingana namamaki e-UL noma e-CSA.

Okuqukethwe Kokuhlolwa Kwesitifiketi se-CE kweIziteshi Zokushaja Izimoto Zikagesi

Isingeniso e-USIsiteshi Sokushaja I-EVAmamaki Esitifiketi

Inhlanganisela yamamodeli amaningi, izithiyo eziphakeme zokungena

• Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuphatha, amamodeli ebhizinisi e-inqwaba yokushaja ye-evAbaqhubi benethiwekhi bangahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezintathu: abaholwa yi-opharetha, abaholwa yi-automaker/cooperative, kanye nabaholwa yi-third-party service charging platform. Imodeli eholwa yi-opharetha, emelelwa ama-CPO ahlukahlukene (Abanikazi Benkontileka), igxile ekusebenziseni izimpahla zayo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngehadiwe nesofthiwe.izixazululo zokushaja ze-EVAbaqhubi bangahlukaniswa futhi yinhlangano kanye nomhlinzeki wesevisi, okuhlanganisa izinkampani zikahulumeni/igridi yamandla, izinkampani zamandla e-petrochemical, izinhlangano zezimoto, kanye nabaqhubi besofthiwe. Imodeli eholwa ngumenzi wezimoto/yokubambisana, emelelwe yiTesla, inikezaizinsizakalo zokushajakubanikazi bayo bezimoto. Imodeli eholwa yipulatifomu yensizakalo yokushaja evela eceleni, emelelwa izinkampani ezifana neChargepoint, ixhumanisa abasebenzisi kanye nabaqhubi bokushaja okusekelwe empahleni ngamanethiwekhi okushaja avela eceleni.

• Ngaphansi kwemodeli eholwa ngumqhubi, umqhubi uqeda ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukwakha, ukusebenza, kanye nokugcinwa kweiziteshi zokushaja ze-ev, futhi inikeza izinsizakalo zokushaja kubasebenzisi. Lo modeli uhlanganisa kakhulu izinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingezansi ochungechungeni lwemboni, uhlanganyela ngokubambisana ekucwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokushaja kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini. Kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kusengaphambili engqalasizinda efana nezindawo kanyeihabhu yokushaja ye-EV, okwenza kube umsebenzi odinga imali eningi odinga izinsizakusebenza zezimali eziqinile kanye namakhono okusebenza aphelele. Inzuzo incike esilinganisweni sokusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunyeamachweba okushaja e-EVkanye nezindleko zesevisi zokukhokhisa.

• Amamodeli okusebenza aholwa ngabakhi bezimoto ahlukaniswe ngezigabaiziteshi zokushaja ezakhelwe wenakanye nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokushaja ngokubambisana. Inzuzo yemodeli ezakhelwe yona ivela kuphela ekwehlukeni kwentengo kagesi kanye nezimali zesevisi, futhi isisekelo samakhasimende ayo sinqunyelwe kumakhasimende akhona omenzi wezimoto. Ukusetshenziswa kwesiteshi sokushaja kuphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukukhiqiza inzuzo. Le modeli ifaneleka kakhulu kubakhiqizi bezimoto abanamakhasimende amakhulu kanye namabhizinisi ayisisekelo azinzile. Kumodeli yokwakha isiteshi sokushaja ngokubambisana, abakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisana neopharetha bokushajaukwakha iziteshi, lapho umenzi wezimoto ehlinzeka ngesisekelo samakhasimende kanye nomqhubi wokushaja ehlinzeka ngogesi kanye nobuchwepheshe, okufeza isimo esizuzisa wonke umuntu.

• Ngaphansi kwemodeli yesikhulumi sesevisi yokushaja senkampani yangaphandle, ipulatifomu yesevisi ngokuvamile ayihlanganyeli ngqo ekutshalweni kwezimali nasekwakhiweni kweziteshi zokushaja. Esikhundleni salokho, isebenzisa amakhono ayo aqinile okuhlanganisa izinsiza ukuxhuma iziteshi zokushaja ezivela kubaqhubi abahlukene bokushaja kuya epulatifomu yayo. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwe-big data kanye nezinsiza kanye nokwabiwa, ixhuma iziteshi zokushaja ezivela kubaqhubi abahlukene, ithuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zokushaja ngazinye. Ngokusungula isevisi "eku-inthanethi + engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi", inikeza abasebenzisi be-C-end izinsizakalo zokushaja okukodwa okuhlanganisa ukushaja, isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, kanye nezinsizakalo zendlela yokuphila, ithuthukisa ulwazi lokushaja komsebenzisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokushaja benkampani yangaphandle bahlinzeka abaqhubi be-B-end ngezinsizakalo zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinsizakalo zokulungisa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yesevisi yokushaja kanye nokusebenza kahle. Imodeli yenzuzo ivela kakhulu emalini yesevisi eyabelwana ngabaqhubi bokushaja kanye nezinye izimali zesevisi ezengeziwe.

Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo - Ukusungula Nokuthuthukisa Amamodeli Okusebenza

• Izinqwaba zokushaja zohlobo oluhlukanisiwe ziyashintsha kancane kancaneiziteshi zokushaja ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokwesimo esifanayo sokushaja,Iziteshi Zokushaja Izimoto Zikagesiingasebenzisa amamojula ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesikhathi sokushintsha, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kohlelo.

• Izinqwaba zokushaja eziguquguqukayo zithembele “ekuhlanganiseni kwamandla + ukwabiwa okuguquguqukayo” ukuxazulula inkinga yamandla aqinile eziteshini zokushaja ezilodwa, ezivumelana nezidingo zokushaja ezihlukene.

• Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezihlanganisiwe, isitoreji samandla, kanye nokushaja zinganciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela weinqwaba yokushaja enkuluukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumagridi kagesi endawo. Esikhathini esizayo, bazobonisa ukuthambekela ezinkambisweni eziningi ezihlanganisa “iziteshi ezincane + iziteshi zokushaja + iziteshi zesikhungo sedatha + iziteshi zokusabalalisa ze-DC + iziteshi zokugcina amandla + iziteshi zokugcwalisa uphethiloli + ukugcwalisa igesi + ukushintshana kwebhethri.” “Ukuhlolwa kokushaja kwesitoreji se-Photovoltaic-energy” uhlobo olusha lweisevisi yokushaja imoto entsha yamandlaisikhungo esihlanganisa i-photovoltaic, isitoreji samandla, ukushaja okusheshayo, kanye nemishini yokuhlola ibhethri. Ngesikhathi sokushaja, abasebenzisi bangafeza imisebenzi efana nokuhlolwa kwebhethri, ukuqashelwa kwepuleti lelayisense, ukushaja okubili/ukukhishwa (V2G), kanye nokusebenza kwesiteshi sokushaja esiseziqhingini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zingasebenzisa amanani kagesi angekho ezingeni eliphezulu ebusuku ukuze zigcine amandla, futhi ngesikhathi sokushaja okuphezulu, zingahlinzeka ngamandla eziteshini zokushaja kanye namandla egridi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esiphezulu, kufezwe ukushefa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphela kwegridi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla lungasanikeza izinsizakalo zokushaja kubasebenzisi. Lokhu kungathuthukisa inzuzo yabaqhubi bokushaja ngokusebenzisa amamodeli amathathu enzuzo: ukuzisebenzisa ugesi okhiqizwayo kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi kukagesi owengeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zikagesi; i-arbitrage yentengo yesigodi esiphezulu; kanye nokuphathwa kwemali kagesi esekelwe kumthamo.

• Izimoto zikagesi ezinkulu ngaphansi kwe-V2G zinganikeza amandla asukela ku-MW kuya ku-GW, ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okuqhubekayo ngehora kanye nesivinini sokuphendula sezinga lesibili, okuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokugcina amandla ohlobo lwamandla kanye nohlobo lwamandla, futhi zibe namathuba amaningi okusebenzisa.

Izinzuzo nezinselele zeziteshi ze-photovoltaic ezihlanganisiwe, zokugcina amandla kanye nokushaja

-ISIPHETHO-