Izimoto zikagesi ezinekhono lokushaja ngezindlela ezimbili zingasetshenziswa ukunika amandla emakhaya, zibuyisele amandla kugridi, futhi zinikeze namandla okusekela ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi noma eziphuthumayo. Izimoto zikagesi empeleni zingamabhethri amakhulu anamasondo, ngakho-ke amashaja ahambisana ngezindlela ezimbili avumela izimoto ukuthi zigcine ugesi ongabizi kakhulu, okunciphisa izindleko zikagesi zasekhaya. Lobu buchwepheshe obusha, obaziwa ngokuthi i-vehicle-to-grid (V2G), bunamandla okuguqula indlela igridi yethu yamandla esebenza ngayo, kanye namashumi ezinkulungwane zezimoto zikagesi ezingase zinikeze amandla ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu.
Kusebenza kanjani?
Ishaja eqondisa izinhlangothi zombili iyishaja yemoto kagesi ethuthukisiwe (i-EV) ekwazi ukushaja kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kulula, kodwa kuhilela inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuguqula amandla kusukela ku-alternating current (AC) kuya ku-direct current (DC), ngokungafani neshaja ye-EV evamile esebenzisa i-AC.
Ngokungafani namashaja ajwayelekile e-EV, amashaja aqondiswayo asebenza njenge-inverters, aguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC ngesikhathi sokushaja kanye nokuphambene nalokho ngesikhathi sokushaja. Kodwa-ke, amashaja aqondiswayo angasetshenziswa kuphela ezimotweni ezihambisana nokushaja kwe-DC okuqondiswayo. Ngeshwa, inani lama-EV okwamanje elikwazi ukushaja okuqondiswayo lincane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi amashaja aqondiswayo ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, abiza kakhulu kunamashaja avamile e-EV, njengoba esebenzisa ama-electronics athuthukisiwe okuguqula amandla ukuphatha ukugeleza kwamandla emotweni.
Ukuze kusebenze amakhaya, amashaja e-EV aqondisa izinhlangothi zombili ahlanganisa namadivayisi ukuphatha imithwalo nokuhlukanisa indlu kugridi ngesikhathi sokuphela kukagesi, into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-islanding. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza seshaja ye-EV eqondisa izinhlangothi zombili sifana kakhulu nese-inverter eqondisa izinhlangothi zombili, esebenza njengomthombo wamandla oyisipele ezinhlelweni zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya.
Iyini inhloso yokushaja okuqondiswayo?
Amashaja anezindlela ezimbili angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezimbili ezahlukene. Eyokuqala nephawuleka kakhulu yi-Vehicle-to-grid, noma i-V2G, eyenzelwe ukuletha noma ukukhipha amandla kugridi lapho isidingo siphezulu. Uma izinkulungwane zezimoto ezine-V2G zixhunyiwe futhi zisebenza, lokhu kungashintsha kakhulu indlela ugesi ogcinwa futhi ukhiqizwa ngayo. Izimoto zikagesi zinamabhethri amakhulu futhi anamandla, ngakho-ke amandla aphelele ezinkulungwane zezimoto ezine-V2G angaba makhulu kakhulu. Qaphela ukuthi i-V2X igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izakhiwo ezintathu okuxoxwe ngazo ngezansi:
I. Imoto-kuya-kugridi noma i-V2G – Amandla e-EV okusekela igridi.
II. Imoto eya ekhaya noma i-V2H – amandla e-EV asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla amakhaya noma amabhizinisi.
III. Imoto okufanele ilayishwe noma i-V2L – Ama-EV angasetshenziswa ukunika amandla izinto zikagesi noma ukushaja ezinye izimoto zikagesi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kweshaja ye-EV enezindlela ezimbili kungokwe-Vehicle-to-home, noma i-V2H. Njengoba igama lisikisela, i-V2H ivumela izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengohlelo lwebhethri lasekhaya ukugcina amandla elanga amaningi futhi zinike amandla ikhaya lakho. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwebhethri lasekhaya olujwayelekile, njenge-Tesla Powerwall, lunamandla angu-13.5 kWh. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imoto kagesi ejwayelekile inamandla angu-65 kWh, cishe alingana nama-Powerwall amahlanu e-Tesla. Ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu webhethri, uma ihlanganiswa namandla elanga ophahleni, imoto kagesi eshajwe ngokugcwele inganika amandla ikhaya elijwayelekile izinsuku eziningana noma ngaphezulu.
1. Imoto-kuya-kugridi- V2G
I-Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ibhekisela emkhubeni wokufaka ingxenye encane yamandla agciniwe avela ebhethrini lemoto kagesi kugridi uma kudingeka. Ukubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-V2G kudinga ishaja ye-DC eqondiswayo kanye nemoto kagesi ehambisanayo. Kukhona izikhuthazo, njengezikweletu noma amazinga kagesi ancishisiwe kubanikazi be-EV. Ama-EV afakwe i-V2G avumela abanikazi ukuthi bahlanganyele ezinhlelweni ze-VPP (Vehicle Power Supply) ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwegridi nokunikeza amandla ngesikhathi sesidingo esikhulu.
Naphezu kokukhungatheka, enye yezinselelo zokwethula ubuchwepheshe be-V2G yizithiyo zomthetho kanye nokuntuleka kwezinqubo zokushaja eziqondiswe kabili kanye nezixhumi ezijwayelekile. Amashaja aqondiswe kabili, njenge-solar inverters, abhekwa njengendlela ehlukile yokukhiqiza ugesi futhi kumele ahambisane nazo zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha nokuphela komthetho uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwegridi. Ukuze banqobe lezi zinkimbinkimbi, abanye abenzi bezimoto, njenge-Ford, bathuthukise izinhlelo zokushaja eziqondiswe kabili ze-AC ezilula ezisebenza kuphela nama-Ford EV ukuze anikeze ugesi emakhaya, kunokuba banikeze ugesi kugridi.
2. Imoto Eya Ekhaya- V2H
I-Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) ifana ne-V2G, kodwa amandla asetshenziswa endaweni ukuze anikeze amandla ekhaya esikhundleni sokufakwa kugridi. Lokhu kuvumela izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zisebenze njengohlelo olujwayelekile lwebhethri lasekhaya, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzimela, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa namandla elanga ophahleni. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo esobala kakhulu ye-V2H yikhono layo lokunikeza amandla okusekelayo ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi.
Ukuze i-V2H isebenze kahle, kudingeka i-inverter ehambisanayo yezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye neminye imishini, okuhlanganisa nemitha yamandla (ene-transformer yamanje) efakwe endaweni yokuxhumanisa yama-mains. I-transformer yamanje iqapha ukugeleza kwamandla angena naphumayo kugridi. Lapho uhlelo luthola ukuthi ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa amandla egridi, lutshela ishaja ye-EV yezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuthi ikhiphe inani elifanayo likagesi ukuze isuse noma yimaphi amandla akhishwe kugridi. Ngokufanayo, lapho uhlelo luthola ukuphuma kwamandla kusuka ku-solar photovoltaic array yophahla, luyayiphambukisa ukuze ishaje i-EV, njengeshaja ye-EV ehlakaniphile.
Ukuze kusebenze amandla okusekela ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kukagesi noma eziphuthumayo, uhlelo lwe-V2H kumele lubone ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kusuka kugridi bese luhlukanisa ikhaya kusuka kugridi. Uma selisusiwe, i-inverter eqondisa izinhlangothi zombili isebenza njenge-inverter engaphandle kwegridi, enikwe amandla yibhethri le-EV. Imishini eyengeziwe yokuhlukanisa amandla kagesi, njenge-contactors ezenzakalelayo (ATS), iyadingeka ukuze kusebenze ukusebenza kokusekela, njenge-inverters ehlanganisiwe esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamaseli elanga.
3. Imoto Yokulayisha - V2L
Ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) bulula kakhulu ngoba abudingi ishaja eqondiswayo. Izimoto ezifakwe i-V2L zine-inverter ehlanganisiwe enikeza amandla e-AC kusuka endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezijwayelekile emotweni, engasetshenziswa ukuxhuma noma iyiphi into yasekhaya evamile. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa i-adaptha ekhethekile ye-V2L exhuma echwebeni lokushaja lemoto kagesi ukuze inikeze amandla e-AC. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, intambo yokwelula inganwetshwa isuka emotweni iye ekhaya ukuze inikeze amandla imithwalo eyisisekelo njengokukhanyisa, amakhompyutha, iziqandisi, nezinto zokupheka.
I-V2L isetshenziselwa amandla angaphandle kwegridi kanye namandla okusekelayo
Izimoto ezihlonyiswe nge-V2L zingasebenzisa izintambo zokwelula ukunikeza amandla okusekelayo okusebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezikhethiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iswishi yokudlulisa i-AC ezinikele ingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma amandla e-V2L ngqo kuphaneli yokusabalalisa esekelayo, noma ngisho nakuphaneli yokusabalalisa eyinhloko.
Izimoto ezifakwe i-V2L zingafakwa futhi ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga ezingaphandle kwegridi ukuze kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe isidingo sejeneretha yokusekelayo. Iningi lezinhlelo zamandla elanga ezingaphandle kwegridi zifaka i-inverter eqondisa izinhlangothi ezimbili, engasebenzisa amandla avela kunoma yimuphi umthombo we-AC, kufaka phakathi izimoto ezifakwe i-V2L. Kodwa-ke, idinga ukufakwa nokucushwa nguchwepheshe wamandla elanga noma uchwepheshe kagesi oqeqeshiwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile.
- ISIPHETHO-
Lapha, qonda "ingqikithi" kanye "nomphefumulo" wezinqwaba zokushaja
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile: Zisebenza kanjani izinqwaba zokushaja ze-AC/DC?
Izibuyekezo zakamuva: Ukushaja kancane, ukushaja kakhulu, i-V2G…
Ukuqonda kwemboni: Izitayela zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuchazwa kwenqubomgomo
Sebenzisa ulwazi ukuze uvikele uhambo lwakho oluluhlaza
Ngilandele, futhi awusoze walahleka uma kukhulunywa ngokushaja!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-26-2025
