Isixazululo sethu esihlanganisiwe se-photovoltaic, isitoreji samandla, kanye nesistimu yamandla okushaja sizama ukubhekana ngobuhlakani nokukhathazeka okuhlukahlukene kwezimoto zikagesi ngokuhlanganisaizinqwaba zokushaja ze-EV, ama-photovoltaic, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ebhethri. Ikhuthaza ukuhamba okuluhlaza kwezimoto zikagesi ngamandla amasha e-photovoltaic, kuyilapho isekela ukugcina amandla kunciphisa ingcindezi yegridi ebangelwa imithwalo esindayo. Iqedela uchungechunge lwemboni yamabhethri ngokusebenzisa amazinga, iqinisekisa intuthuko enempilo yemboni. Ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlelo lwamandla oluhlanganisiwe kukhuthaza ukufakwa kukagesi kanye nentuthuko ehlakaniphile yemboni, okuvumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, njengamandla elanga, abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa ama-photovoltaic futhi kugcinwe emabhethrini. Izinqwaba zokushaja izimoto zikagesi bese zidlulisela la mandla kagesi kusuka kumabhethri kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, zixazulula inkinga yokushaja.
I. I-Topology yeSistimu ye-Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Microgrid
Njengoba kuboniswe kumdwebo ongenhla, imishini eyinhloko ye-photovoltaic ehlanganisiwe, isitoreji samandla, kanye ne-topology yesistimu ye-microgrid yokushaja ichazwe ngezansi:
1. Isiguquli sokugcina amandla esingaphandle kwegridi: Uhlangothi lwe-AC lwesiguquli esingu-250kW luxhunywe ngokuhambisana nebhasi le-380V AC, kanti uhlangothi lwe-DC luxhunywe ngokuhambisana neziguquli ezine ze-DC/DC ezine-50kW eziqondisa indlela, okuvumela ukugeleza kwamandla okuqondisa indlela, okungukuthi, ukushaja nokukhipha ibhethri.
2. Ama-converter e-DC/DC aqondiswe eceleni: Uhlangothi olunamandla aphezulu lwama-converter amane e-DC/DC angu-50kW luxhunywe ku-terminal ye-DC yesiguquli, kanti uhlangothi olunamandla aphansi luxhunywe ku-pack yebhethri yamandla. I-converter ngayinye ye-DC/DC ixhunywe ku-pack yebhethri eyodwa.
3. Uhlelo lwebhethri olunamandla: Amaseli ayishumi nesithupha angu-3.6V/100Ah (1P16S) akha imojuli eyodwa yebhethri (57.6V/100Ah, umthamo ojwayelekile ongu-5.76KWh). Amamojula ebhethri ayishumi nambili axhunywe ochungechungeni ukuze akhe iqoqo lebhethri (691.2V/100Ah, umthamo ojwayelekile ongu-69.12KWh). Iqoqo lebhethri lixhunywe ku-terminal ye-voltage ephansi ye-converter ye-DC/DC eqondisa izinhlangothi ezimbili. Uhlelo lwebhethri luqukethe amaqoqo amane ebhethri anomthamo ojwayelekile ongu-276.48 kWh.
4. I-MPPT Module: Uhlangothi olunamandla aphezulu lwe-module ye-MPPT luxhunywe ngokuhambisana nebhasi le-750V DC, kuyilapho uhlangothi olunamandla aphansi luxhunywe ku-photovoltaic array. I-photovoltaic array inezintambo eziyisithupha, ngayinye equkethe amamojula angu-18 275Wp axhunywe ochungechungeni, ukuze kube namamojula angu-108 e-photovoltaic kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla okuphelele okungu-29.7 kWp.
5. Iziteshi Zokushaja: Uhlelo luhlanganisa ezintathu ezinamandla angu-60kWiziteshi zokushaja ze-dc ev(inani namandla eziteshi zokushaja kungalungiswa ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kwethrafikhi kanye nesidingo samandla sansuku zonke). Uhlangothi lwe-AC lweziteshi zokushaja luxhunywe ebhasini le-AC futhi lunganikwa amandla yi-photovoltaics, isitoreji samandla, kanye negridi.
6. I-EMS kanye ne-MGCC: Lezi zinhlelo zenza imisebenzi efana nokushaja nokukhipha ishaja kohlelo lokugcina amandla kanye nokuqapha ulwazi lwe-SOC yebhethri ngokwemiyalelo evela esikhungweni sokuthumela esisezingeni eliphezulu.
II. Izici Zezinhlelo Zamandla Ezihlanganisiwe Zokushaja Isitoreji Esine-Photovoltaic
1. Uhlelo lusebenzisa ukwakheka kokulawula okunezingqimba ezintathu: ungqimba oluphezulu uhlelo lokuphatha amandla, ungqimba oluphakathi uhlelo lokulawula oluphakathi, kanti ungqimba olungezansi ungqimba lwemishini. Uhlelo luhlanganisa amadivayisi okuguqula ubuningi, amadivayisi okuqapha nokuvikela umthwalo ahlobene, okwenza kube uhlelo oluzimele olukwazi ukuzithiba, ukuvikela, nokuphatha.
2. Isu lokuthumela amandla ohlelweni lokugcina amandla lilungiswa/libekwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe emananini kagesi aphezulu, aphansi, kanye namanani kagesi aphezulu kakhulu egridi yamandla kanye ne-SOC (noma i-voltage yokugcina) yamabhethri okugcina amandla. Uhlelo lwamukela ukuthunyelwa okuvela ohlelweni lokuphatha amandla (EMS) ukuze kulawulwe ukushaja nokukhipha amandla ngobuhlakani.
3. Uhlelo lunemisebenzi ephelele yokuxhumana, ukuqapha, ukuphatha, ukulawula, ukuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokuvikela, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuphephile isikhathi eside. Isimo sokusebenza kohlelo singaqashwa ngekhompyutha ephethe, futhi lunamandla okuhlaziya idatha acebile.
4. Uhlelo lokuphatha amabhethri (i-BMS) luxhumana nohlelo lokuphatha amandla (i-EMS), lulayisha ulwazi lwephakethe lamabhethri, futhi ngokubambisana ne-EMS kanye ne-PCS, lufeza imisebenzi yokuqapha nokuvikela iphakethe lamabhethri.
Le phrojekthi isebenzisa i-PCS yokuguqula amandla okugcina amandla ohlobo lombhoshongo, ehlanganisa amadivayisi okushintsha asebenza kugridi kanye namadivayisi okushintsha asebenza ngaphandle kwegridi kanye namakhabethe okusabalalisa. Inomsebenzi wokushintsha okungenamthungo phakathi kwegridi kanye ne-off-gridi ngemizuzwana eyi-zero, isekela izindlela ezimbili zokushaja: ugesi ohlala njalo osebenza kugridi kanye namandla ahlala njalo, futhi yamukela ukuhlela kwesikhathi sangempela kusuka kukhompyutha ephethe.
III. Ukulawulwa Nokuphathwa Kwesistimu Yokugcina Nokushaja Ye-Photovoltaic
Ukulawulwa kwesistimu kusebenzisa ukwakheka okunezinga ezintathu: i-EMS iyingqimba yokuhlela ephezulu, isilawuli sesistimu siyingqimba yokuxhumanisa ephakathi, kanti ama-DC-DC kanye nama-charging piles ayingqimba yemishini.
I-EMS kanye nomlawuli wesistimu yizingxenye ezibalulekile, ezisebenzisana ukuphatha nokuhlela uhlelo lokushaja i-photovoltaic-storage-charging:
1. Imisebenzi ye-EMS
1) Amasu okulawula ukuthunyelwa kwamandla angalungiswa kalula futhi izindlela zokushaja nokukhipha amandla okugcina amandla kanye nemiyalo yamandla kungenziwa ngokuya ngamanani kagesi esikhathi segridi yendawo esisezingeni eliphezulu.
2) I-EMS yenza ukuqapha ukuphepha kwe-telemetry ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuqapha ukuphepha kwesignali okude kwemishini eyinhloko ngaphakathi kohlelo, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini ku-PCS, BMS, ama-inverter e-photovoltaic, kanye nama-pile okushaja, futhi iphatha imicimbi ye-alamu ebikwe yimishini kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha yomlando ngendlela ehlangene.
3) I-EMS ingalayisha idatha yokubikezela uhlelo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kokubala esikhungweni sokuthumela esisezingeni eliphezulu noma kuseva yokuxhumana ekude ngokuxhumana kwe-Ethernet noma i-4G, futhi ithole imiyalelo yokuthumela ngesikhathi sangempela, iphendula ukulawulwa kwemvamisa ye-AGC, ukushefa okuphezulu, kanye nokunye ukuthumela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesistimu yamandla.
4) I-EMS ifinyelela ekulawulweni kokuxhumana nezinhlelo zokuqapha imvelo kanye nokuvikela umlilo: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imishini ivaliwe ngaphambi kokuba umlilo uqale, ikhipha ama-alamu kanye nama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo, kanye nokulayisha imicimbi yama-alamu ngemuva.
2. Imisebenzi Yomlawuli Wesistimu:
1) Isilawuli esixhumanisa uhlelo sithola amasu okuhlela avela ku-EMS: izindlela zokushaja/ukukhipha kanye nemiyalo yokuhlela amandla. Ngokusekelwe kumthamo we-SOC webhethri lokugcina amandla, isimo sokushaja/ukukhipha ibhethri, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenqwaba yokushaja, ilungisa ukuphathwa kwebhasi ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Ngokuphatha ukushaja nokukhipha i-DC-DC converter, ifinyelela ukulawula ukushaja/ukukhipha ibhethri lokugcina amandla, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokugcina amandla.
2) Ukuhlanganisa imodi yokushaja/yokukhipha i-DC-DC kanyeinqwaba yokushaja imoto kagesiisimo sokushaja, idinga ukulungisa umkhawulo wamandla we-inverter ye-photovoltaic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwe-module ye-PV. Idinga futhi ukulungisa imodi yokusebenza kwe-module ye-PV kanye nokuphatha ibhasi lesistimu.
3. Isendlalelo Semishini – Imisebenzi ye-DC-DC:
1) I-actuator yamandla, eqaphela ukuguqulwa okuhlangene phakathi kwamandla elanga kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kagesi.
2) Isiguquli se-DC-DC sithola isimo se-BMS futhi, sihlanganiswe nemiyalo yokuhlela yesilawuli sesistimu, senza ukulawula kwe-DC cluster ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwebhethri.
3) Ingafinyelela ukuzilawula, ukulawula, kanye nokuvikela ngokwemigomo ebekiwe kusengaphambili.
-ISIPHETHO-
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-28-2025
