Ukuhlolwa kokuvikela umhlabathi kwama-AC/DC amashaja ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla

1. Ukuvikelwa kokumisa phansi kwezinqwaba zokushaja

Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-ACkanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ze-DC. Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-AC zinikeza amandla e-220V AC, aguqulwa abe amandla e-DC ane-voltage ephezulu yishaja esebhodini ukuze ishaje ibhethri lamandla.Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-DCinikeza amandla e-AC angu-380V anezigaba ezintathu, ashaja ibhethri ngqo ngembobo yokushaja okusheshayo ngaphandle kokudlula eshajeni elingaphakathi. Izinga likazwelonke le-GB/T20234.1 lichaza ngokucacile izidingo zezindawo zokuhlangana zezimoto kanye nezindawo zokuhlangana zokunikezwa kwamandla.Amashaja e-AC EVsebenzisa isikhombikubona sezwe esijwayelekile samaphini ayisikhombisa, kuyilaphoAmashaja e-DCsebenzisa isikhombikubona esijwayelekile sikazwelonke esinamaphini ayisishiyagalolunye. Amaphini e-PE ezindawo ezimbili zokushaja ezitholakala ohlangothini lwemoto zombili ziyizindawo zokugcina umhlaba (bheka uMfanekiso 1). Umsebenzi we-PE yocingo lomhlabathi uwukumisa umzimba wemoto kagesi ngendlela ethembekile nge-ACisiteshi sokushaja imoto kagesi. Ku-GB/T 18487.1 ejwayelekile kazwelonke, i-PE yentambo yomhlabathi yemishini yokuphakelwa kwamandla kumele ixhunywe emhlabathini womzimba wemoto kagesi (iphini le-PE kuMfanekiso 1) ukuze imodi yokushaja yemoto kagesi isebenze kahle.

Umfanekiso 1. Iphini le-PE le-Interface yokushaja phakathi kwemoto necala

Ukuthatha indlela yokushaja lapho i-ACisiteshi sokushaja izimoto zikagesiisebenzisa isixhumi semoto esinezimbobo ezimbili ukuxhuma ku-imbobo yokushaja yemoto kagesinjengesibonelo, isekethe yokulawula yalesi simiso sokushaja iyahlaziywa, futhi umdwebo wayo wesekethe uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Uma imishini yokunikeza ugesi isethwe ukuthi ishaje, uma imishini ingenamaphutha, i-voltage endaweni yokubona 1 kufanele ibe yi-12V.

Uma umqhubi ephethe isibhamu sokushaja futhi ecindezela ilokhi yomshini, i-S3 iyavalwa, kodwa isikhombimsebenzisi semoto asixhunyiwe ngokuphelele, i-voltage endaweni yokubona 1 ingu-9V.

Laphoisibhamu sokushajaixhunywe ngokuphelele echwebeni lokushaja lemoto, i-S2 iyavalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-voltage endaweni yokubona 1 yehla ngokushesha. Imishini yokunikeza ugesi iqinisekisa isignali ngokuxhumeka kwe-CC futhi ithola ugesi ongamelana nekhebula lokushaja, ishintsha iswishi i-S1 kusukela ekugcineni kwe-12V iye ekugcineni kwe-PWM.

Uma i-voltage endaweni yokutholwa 1 yehla iye ku-6V, ishintsha i-K1 ne-K2 yemishini yokunikezwa kwamandla eduze komshini wokukhipha, ngaleyo ndlela iqedela isekethe yokunikezwa kwamandla. Ngemva kokuba imoto kagesi kanye nemishini yokunikezwa kwamandla sekusungule uxhumano lukagesi, idivayisi yokulawula imoto inquma amandla aphezulu okunikezwa kwamandla emishini yokunikezwa kwamandla ngokwahlulela umjikelezo womsebenzi wesignali ye-PWM endaweni yokutholwa 2. Isibonelo, ngenqwaba yokushaja ye-16A, umjikelezo womsebenzi ungama-73.4%, ngakho-ke i-voltage ekugcineni kwe-CP iyashintshashintsha phakathi kuka-6V no-12V, kuyilapho i-voltage ekugcineni kwe-CC… I-voltage yokugcina yehla kusuka ku-4.9V (isimo esixhunyiwe) iye ku-1.4V (isimo sokushaja).

Uma iyunithi yokulawula imoto isinqume ukuthi uxhumano lokushaja luxhunywe ngokugcwele (okungukuthi, i-S3 ne-S2 zivaliwe) futhi iqedela ukusethwa komthamo wokufaka ophezulu ovumelekile weshaja esebhodini (ama-S1 ashintshela ku-terminal ye-PWM, i-K1 ne-K2 zivaliwe), ishaja esebhodini iqala ukushaja imoto kagesi.

Phakathi nale nqubo, uma ucingo olungaphansi lwe-PE lunqanyuliwe, ngeke kube noshintsho lwe-voltage endaweni yokuthola, isekethe yokunikezwa kwamandla ayikwazi ukuqhutshwa, futhi ukuxhumana kukagesi akukwazi ukwakhiwa phakathi kwemoto kagesi nemishini yokunikezwa kwamandla. Kulokhu, ishaja esebhodini izoba sesimweni sokucima amandla.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokunqanyulwa kwesistimu yokushaja phansi

Uma isisekelo se-Isistimu yokushaja yenqwaba yokushaja ye-ACUma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, imishini yokunikeza ugesi izovuza ugesi, okungase kuholele ekushayweni kukagesi kanye nokulimala komuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola nokuhlola ama-pile okushaja kubalulekile. Ngokwezindinganiso ezifana ne-GB/T20324, i-GB/T 18487, kanye ne-NB/T 33008, ukuhlolwa kwe-AC pile yokushaja kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kwesekethe yomthwalo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumeka. Ukusebenzisa i-BAIC EV200 njengesibonelo, umthelela wokufakwa kwe-PE okungajwayelekile esimweni sokushaja kwesistimu yokushaja ubonwa ngokuhlola izinguquko zamanje zokufaka kanye nokukhipha kweshaja engaphakathi.

Kuhlelo oluboniswe kuMfanekiso 3, amatheminali e-CC kanye ne-CP ohlangothini lwesobunxele lweshaja esebhodini yimigqa yesignali yokulawula ukushaja; i-PE iyintambo yomhlabathi; kanti i-L kanye ne-N yimatheminali yokufaka engu-220V AC.

Amatheminali angakwesokudla komdwebo weshaja ebhodini angamatheminali okuxhumana ane-voltage ephansi. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukubuyisela isignali yeshaja ebhodini emgqeni wokuqinisekisa uxhumano lwe-VCU, kusebenze umugqa wesignali wokuvuka wokushaja ukuze kuvuke iphaneli yezinsimbi ekhombisa isimo sokuxhumeka, kanye nokuthi ishaja ivuse i-VCU kanye ne-BMS. I-VCU ibe isivusa iphaneli yezinsimbi ukuze iqale ukubonisa isimo sokushaja. Ama-relay amakhulu amahle nangalungile ngaphakathi kwebhethri lamandla alawulwa yi-BMS ukuze avale ngemiyalo evela ku-VCU, kuqedwa inqubo yokushaja ibhethri lamandla. Itheminali engezansi kweshaja ebhodini ku-Figure 3, exhunywe ebhokisini lokulawula eline-voltage ephezulu, yitheminali yokukhipha i-DC ene-voltage ephezulu.

Ekuhlolweni kwephutha lokumisa inhlabathi le-PE, kwasetshenziswa ama-clamp amabili wamanje ukulinganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ama-current okufakayo nawokukhiphayo. Iphutha le-PE open-circuit lasethwa kusetshenziswa ugesi we-AC ozenzele wona. Lapho umugqa we-PE uvame ukumisa inhlabathi, iswishi yokumisa inhlabathi yayivuliwe. Uma i-clamp yamanje isetshenziswa kulayini we-L (noma we-N), i-AC yokufaka elinganisiwe yeshaja engaphakathi yayicishe ibe ngu-16A. Uma i-clamp yamanje isetshenziswa ku-terminal yamandla okukhipha ye-DC yeshaja engaphakathi, i-current elinganisiwe yayicishe ibe ngu-9A.

Lapho intambo yokumisa i-PE inqanyuliwe futhi iswishi yokumisa ivaliwe, ugesi wokufaka we-AC olinganisiwe weshaja engaphakathi kwebhodi wawungu-0A, kanti ugesi wamandla okukhipha we-DC nawo wawungu-0A. Lapho kwenziwa kabusha isivivinyo sokuvula i-open-circuit, womabili la mandla abuyela ngokushesha ku-0A. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-open-circuit esikhumulweni se-PE kubonisa ukuthi lapho intambo yokumisa i-PE inqanyuliwe, akukho gesi esikhumulweni sokufaka nokukhipha seshaja engaphakathi kwebhodi, okusho ukuthi ishaja engaphakathi kwebhodi ayisebenzi ngakho-ke ayikhiphi ugesi wamandla aphezulu ebhokisini lokulawula lamandla aphezulu, okuvimbela ibhethri lamandla ukuthi lingashaji.

Ukuvikelwa kokumisa inhlabathi yezinqwaba zokushaja ze-AC kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kokumisa inhlabathi, iziteshi zokushaja zingadala izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa kokuzicisha amandla kwesekethe yokushaja, ukuxhumana akukwazi ukwakhiwa phakathi kwemoto kagesi nemishini yokunikeza ugesi, futhi ishaja engaphakathi ngeke isebenze.

-ISIPHETHO-